Three.js is a powerful and flexible JavaScript library used to create and display animated 3D computer graphics in the browser using WebGL. It bridges the gap between complex 3D programming and the simplicity of JavaScript, making it easier for developers to build immersive and interactive experiences directly on the web.



Why Use Three.js?

Creating 3D content for the web was once a complex task that required deep knowledge of low-level graphics APIs like WebGL. While WebGL itself allows browsers to render 3D graphics without plugins, it's relatively low-level and difficult to work with directly. This is where Three.js comes in.



Three.js provides a simplified interface for working with WebGL. It abstracts many of the complexities involved in rendering 3D graphics and offers developers a user-friendly, object-oriented approach. With it, you can build anything from data visualizations to fully interactive 3D games or simulations—all in the browser.



Core Features of Three.js

The Scene Graph System: Three.js employs a scene graph model, which enables you to insert items such meshes, lights, and cameras into a virtual 3D environment (scene). These components may be rendered, transformed, and grouped effectively.



Geometry and Materials: You can create basic shapes like cubes, spheres, and planes, or define complex geometries using custom vertices. Materials like MeshBasicMaterial, MeshStandardMaterial, or MeshPhongMaterial allow you to define how surfaces react to light and texture.



Lighting and Shadows: The library supports multiple types of lights such as directional, point, ambient, and spotlights. It also provides built-in support for casting and receiving shadows, adding realism to your scenes.



Cameras: Three.js supports both perspective and orthographic cameras, allowing you to view your scenes from different angles and projections.



Animations: You can animate properties of objects using built-in tools or integrate with external animation libraries. Three.js also supports keyframe animations and morph targets.



Loaders: Easily import 3D models and assets from formats like GLTF, OBJ, FBX, and more using Three.js loaders. This enables you to incorporate complex models from 3D software like Blender or Maya.



Cross-Browser Support: Since Three.js is built on top of WebGL, it runs on most modern web browsers without the need for additional plugins.



Real-World Applications

Three.js is widely used in a variety of industries:



Web design: To create eye-catching, interactive interfaces.



E-commerce: For 360° product previews.



Architecture & Real Estate: For virtual walkthroughs.



Education & Science: To visualize complex data or simulations.



Gaming: For lightweight browser-based 3D games.







The 3D web material is made simple to create, efficient, and enjoyable by three.js. Whether you are a beginner in 3D programming or an experienced developer, Three.js offers the tools you need to bring your ideas to life in the browser. With a strong community, frequent updates, and rich documentation, it's one of the best choices for web-based 3D development today.